MGT 300 - CHAPTER 7

                                          STORING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION
  • What is information ?
          -Information is everywhere in an organization
          -Information is stored in databases.

    DATABASE
  1.  Database maintain information about various types of objects (inventory), event (transaction), people (employees) and places (warehouse)
  • Database models include:
           -Hierarchical database model - information is organized into a tree-like structure (using    parent/child relationship) in such a way tht is cannot have too many relationship 
           -Network database model - a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships
           -Relational database model - stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables

 ENTITY AND ATTRIBUTES
  • Entity - a person, place, thing, transaction or event about which information is stored
           -The rows in each table contain the entities
  • Attributes (fields or columns) - charactheristic or properties of an entity class
           -The column in each table contain the attributes

 KEYS AND RELATIONSHIP
  • Primary key - o a field (or group of field) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table
  • Foreign key - a primary key of one table that appear an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationships among the two tables

Rational Database Advantages
Database advantage from a business perspective include :
1. Increase Flexbility

  • A well-designed database should :-
          -Handle changes quickly and easily
          -Provide users with different views
          -Have only one physical value
           *physical view - deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device 
           *logical view - focuses on how users logically access information
2. Increases scalability  and performance

  • A database must scale to meet increased demand, while maintaining acceptable performance levels
          - Scalability - refers on how well a system can adapt to increase demands
          - Performance - measures how quickly a system perform a certain process or transaction
3. Reduced Information Redudancy

  • Database reduce information redudancy
          - Redudancy - the duplication of information or storing the same information in multiple places

  • Inconsistency is one of the primary problems with redundant information
4. Increase Information Integrity

  • Information integrity - measures the quality of information
  • Integrity constrain - rules that helps ensure the quality of information 
         - Relational integrity constraint
         - Business-critical integrity constrain
5. Increase Information Security

  • Information is an organizational asset and must be protected
  • Database offer several security features including :
          - password - provides authentication of the user
          - across level - determine who had access to the different types of information
          - access control - determine types of user access, such as read-only access



  
Data-driven Web Sites Business Advantages

  • Development
  • Context Management 
  • Future Expandibility
  • Minimizing Human Error
  • Cutting Production and Update Cost
  • More efficient
  • Improve Stability



 Integration Information among Multiple Databases

  • Integration - allows separate system to communicate directly with each other
          - Forward integration - takes information entered into a given system and send it automatically to all downstream systems and processes
          - Backward integration - takes information entered into a given system and send it automatically upstream systems and processes


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